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Vitamin Deficiencies
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Vitamin play important role, it is essential for
life and maintenance of normal health. Vitamin act as
a cofactor in many enzymes system. So for this reason
it is essential for body function such as energy
production, hemopoiesis and other brain function. The
fetus and infant get adequate vitamin from mother
during pregnancy and lactation.
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The following are vitamin and
disease occur due to its deficiencies are listed
below:
- Thamine is a water soluble vitamin. Its
deficiencies resulting beri-beri, because vitamin B1 content is low
this occur in people who have rice-eating habit or
communities.
- In older children, thiamine deficiency mainly
affect the nervous system, cardiovascular system.
- Vitamin Riboflavin deficiency causes circumcorneal
visualization and keratitis. There may be watering
of eyes or even reduced lacrimal fluid and
photophobia, and blurring of vision.
- Niacin vitamin deficiency occur in people who
have maize eating habit. The deficiency symptoms are
diarrhea, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, muscle
weakness, mental retardation, loss of memory. Harnup's
disease is a genetic defect leading to niacin
dependency.
- Biotin deficiency may lead to genetic defect
include Rett's syndrome and carboxyl's defect.
- Deficiency of folic acid result affect to tissue
with rapidly dividing cells such as intestinal muscoa
and bone marrow.
- Vitamin choile deficiency result in fatty
degeneration of livers, hemor hagic renal necrosis and
also increase in free radical in livers, heart and
kidneys besides depression of immune response.
- Due to pantothenic acid deficiency burning
feet, tiredness, vomiting, depression, disturbed
sleep, muscle weakness symptoms are occur.
- There is a defective myelin formation when
deficiency of vitamin B12 occur. The immature form of
red blood cells, which are larger than the normal
cells enter the circulation this result in macrocyctic
norm chromic anemia.
- Vitamin C deficiency occur in child of age of 6
to 18 months. Breast milk contain adequate amount of
vitamin C . In deficiency bones of Childs are
tender and the infant is reluctant to move his
limbs. Hemorrhages occur under the periosteum of long
bones, gums and skin.
- Vitamin A is a fat soluble vitamin and it is also
called as anti-infective vitamin .Deficiency in some
cases lead to night blindness. Deficiency of vitamin
A in diet result in pigmentation of the
caruncle, loss of normal luster and moist appearance
of palpebral conjunctiva which appears dry and
wrinkled. Boitot spot appear on cornea. Vitamin A
deficiency is a common cause of preventable
blindness.
- Vitamin E deficiency have a cholestatic
disease. Due to deficiency loss of reflexes, ataxia of
trunks and limbs. In premature infants its deficiency
is associated with hemolytic anemia intraventricular
hemorrhage.
- There is a metabolic change occur in deficiency
of vitamin D
a. Biochemical change
b. Aminociduria
c. Rickets:- Due to deficiency skeletal
changes
occur.
d. Due to deficiency of vitamin D in some case
malabsorption occur which is directly related to
chronic diarrhea.
e. Lack of exposure to sunlight
f. Hepatic damage
g. Fanconi Syndrome
h. Oncogenous tumors.
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