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Viral Disease
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Measles:
Measles is a communicable disease
manifesting with fever, cough, and maculopapular
rash appear on 4th or 5th day of the illness. The
disease is common in preschool children's. Measles
occur in all season ,it occur more in winter and
spring month. On the 1st day onset is acute with
moderate elevation of temperature. On the next two
day i.e. on 2nd and 3rd day peak of temperature may
be lower. Children also suffer from dry hacking,
cough, running of nose, sneezing, redness of eyes.
Also on second or third day of illness koplik spots
appear on inner side of cheek, these appear as
grayish or bluish white grains of sand surrounded by
reddish areas.
When rash appear, fever tends to rise again. The
rash appear behind ear, near the hairline. On
forehead, face and neck within 3 day it spread to
trunk. The rash disappear after 4 to 5 day.
In malnourished children's, measles is more severe.
Severe measles may give rise to hemorrhages in the
skin and bleeding from the nose ,mouth and
intestines.
Mumps:
Mumps is caused due to a particular virus. The virus
consist of single standard RNA. Mumps occur at any
age 5 to 15 years of age .It appear in larger
cities. The incidence of mumps is high in winter and
spring. It transfer by direct contact, through
fomites contaminated by the infective saliva,
airborne through droplets. The infection is differ
from 7 to 9 days after the appearance of salivary
glands swelling. Generally virus enter through nose
or mouth.
In mumps patients odr child feel illness usually
start with fever, headache, nausea, loss of
appetite. The Childs have pain near the lobe of ear,
and difficulty in chewing within 24 hours of the
oneset. In such case swelling is observed near angel
of jaw.
The fever and temperature settle in 1 to 6 days. The
swelling Disappear mostly after 6 days to 10 day.
Many child complain severe headache. In children's
mumps is probably one of the most common cause of
aspetic meningitis.
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Viral Hepatitis:
There
are five types of viral hepatitis A, hepatitis B,
hepatitis C, hepatitis D, hepatitis E. Hepatitis A
transmitted from fecal-oral route by contaminated
food and water through finger and feeding utensils.
Infection occur 15 to 50 days. The patient has
moderate fever, loss of appetite, nausea, and upper
abdominal pain. Some time patient pass dark colored
urine.
Hepatitis B transmitted through indirect route from
hepatitis B virus contaminated blood transfusion. It
also may be transmitted through contaminated
needles. The virus also found in other fluid such as
blood, urine breast milk. The fetus can become
infected from the mother by vertical transmission as
an intrauterine infection.
Patient feel nausea and vomiting.
Rash is usually present. Some patient have purpura,
weakness.
Chicken Pox:
Chicken pox is highly contagious
disease, appearing with sudden onset of low
fever, mild constitutional symptoms. Chicken pox
rash appear on the first day of illness. The
infection is transmitted by direct contact or
indirect through a third person. Children's of
all ages including newborn infants are
susceptible .The chicken pox lesion begin as
macules and quickly develop into papules and
vesicles. Children's have mild fever, impaired
appetite. Rerely the fever may be as high as
40C.The skin lesions occur in crops for 3 to 4
days. The rash of chicken pox mainly seen on
trunk, back and shoulders with fewer lesion on
the face, scalp. Generally patient improve
within 7 days. The complication of chicken pox
are rarely occur. The secondary bacterial
infection of the skin and mucosal lesion may
occur.
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