Common skin Disorder in Children

• Vascular Birthmark:
  Vascular birthmark are of two types. It is due to vascular malformation or hemangiomas. Vascular malformation are in form of salmon patch or port wine stains. Salmon patch are also called as stork bites, angels. These are pale pink in color. It is seen on glabella, upper eyelids or neck. These usually disappear by the age of one year. Port wine stain  these are macular, but may become darker. It is mostly appear on face.
  Hemangiomas are common in girls. It is appear on head and neck. The hemangioma lesion proliferates fast during the first six month .but slowly during the second half of the first year.
   
• Bacterial Infection:
  It causedue to bacteria staphylococcus aureus, streptococci. Due to  staphylococcus aureus deeper lesion which have like a reddish blood in color may produced. Streptococci produce thicker yellowish brown crusts.
  This infection follow antibiotics used over prolonged periods. Skin lesion appear at variable depth of the skin. The other infection is streptococcal perianal dermatitis .It is pink erythema appear 2-3 cm from anus. There may be painful fissuring and dry mucoid discharge. Lesion seen for several week. It is mostly due to pinworm infestation, dermatitis and sexual abuse.
   
• Viral Infection:
  Viral infection are of two types : exanthematous lesion, predominant skin involvement .Virus may spread to family contact. Lesion appear in certain location such as soles and subungual region.Some time tiny pearly lesion appear especially in intertrigions areas. For this infection treatment is repeated each week until the lesion disappear. If the lension do not improve within 4 week, it is not desirable to continue the treatment .
   
• Fungal Infection :
  Fungal infection of the skin may take many forms. Dermatophyte infection  cause due to Dermatophytes are aerobic fungal present in soil. Many time it may be transmitted from animal or humans. This cause nail infection, hair infection, skin infection . Due to various types of fungal infection some experience patchy or diffuse seborrheic dermatosis like scaling with variable loss of hair or black dot. In some children's it may be develop with pustules and oozing. Candidosis present as oral thrush, diaper rash .Other infection like coccidioidomycosis infection usually gains access to the body through the respiratory system. It present as an influenza like illness.

• Scabies:
  Scabies is most common skin disease in children's all over the world, mostly those living in slums, overcrowded areas. It occur higher in children's younger than 2 years of age. in scabies itching visible lesion may occur several day after the infection . Three types of skin lesion appear on skin. Edema, redness appear on lower part of the body in the groins between buttocks. Reddish nodules may be seen on the upper part of the trunk. All member of the family should be treated concurrently even when there are no apparent skin lesion of scabies.
   
• Pediculosis:
  Pediculosis is most common in childhood. Itching over scalp is a common sign of Pediculosis. Scratching cause due to erosion of the scalp, redness, scaling, crusting, and secondary infection. There is no as such treatment for Pediculosis, Product used for scabies are also effective for Pediculosis.
   
• Excessive Scaling (Ichthyosis):
  It usually appear at birth but  in some case it appear few moth later. In excessive scaling there is a visible scaling with a distinct pattern of distribution .Ichthyosis is due to disturbance of protein metabolism. Some varieties of ichthyosis are Ichthyosis vulgaris ,X-linked recessive Ichthyosis, lamellar Ichthyosis ,Ichthyosis epidermolysis bullosa, hyperkeratosis of palms and soles, refsum disease, autosomal recessive inheritance, KID syndrome.
   
• Atopic Dermatitis:
  In atopic dermatitis skin lesion occur in early childhood. This skin diseases is not present at birth it start from age of 3 months. The most common feature is intense itching. The child should be gently bathed once or twice in a day using small quantity of liquid antiseptic soap in bath water. On the disease part of the skin an antibiotic cream may be applied.
   
• Acne:
  Acne is a pleomorphic eruption appear on the face and trunk, sometime it appear on arms, legs and buttocks. It appear during a period between childhood to maturity. Lesions are seen in form of whiteheads or blackhead appear 2 or 3 year before the development of classical sign of acne. Deeper lesion may lead to formation of nodular cysts. The patient or child should be psychologically prepared for prolonged treatment.