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Intrauterine and perinatal Infection |
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In most of the cases maternal infections may be
transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy. Many times
disease or any other infection transfer from mother
to fetus by birth or after birth.
Disease transform from mother to fetus by
a. Through placenta
b. Direct infection of the placenta
c. From vagina
d. During passage through birth canal
Infections are:
i) Viral infection :- Herpes simplex, hepatitis
ii) Protozoal infection :- Toxoplasm gondia and
Malaria
iii) Bacterial infection :- Treponema pallidum
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In most of the times fetus are
infected in utero. Many time babies or infants are
affected during pregnancy or in first month of
life.For first 3 month fetus do not have effect on
any infection. The immature fetal blood brain barrier
offer little protection against oraganism and central
nervous system is often involved in uterine
infection.
- Cogential Rubella infection:-
In many cases infection with rubella virus is
transmitted from mother to fetus. Infection
transmitted to fetus depends upon the gestational age
at the time of transmission of maternal infection. If
mother is infected first trimester may lead to
abortion if it is infected from rubella.
When there is active
infection at birth time, the
infected infant may be asymptomatic in neonatal
period and have congenital rubella.
- Toxoplasmosis:-
Toxoplasmosis infection occur due to intracellular
protozoan parasite. The illness is transmitted to
fetus during acute primary disease of the mother. The
main prevention for this infection is avoid
consumption of raw and under cooked meat product by
pregnant mother cat, feces should be discarded
carefully to avoid contaminated.
- Herplex Simple:-
This infection transmitted in early month of
pregnancy is rare, it occur during vaginal
delivery. The infant have illness usually from fourth
and tenth day after birth. Many infant have
fever, hypothermia, dyspnea mycorditis and circulatory
and circulatory collapse. The infant look lethargic and
may present with vomiting and convulsion. Breast
feeding does not increase risk of transmission
of infection from mothers to newborn.
- Congenital Syphilis:-
This infection caused due to transplacental transfer
of treponema apllidum from infected mother to
fetus. In few cases it is transmitted during passage
through birth canal.
- Tetanus Neonatorum:-
Percentage of this infection is very low. This is due
to untrained dais or traditional birth attendants in
rural areas use contaminated material to cut
umbilical cord, through this infection are
introduced. Feature of this infection start from 5 to
15 days .Some times child cry excessively. They kept
slightly open due to pull and spasm of the muscle of
neck. In such cases oral feeding should be stopped
and intravenous lines should be established for
providing adequate fluids.
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