Following are some complication occur in pregnancy.
In such case patient suggest to follow doctor
instructions.
1. Bleeding Hemorrhage in early
pregnancy:-
The cause of bleeding in early pregnancy are broadly divided into two
groups:
* Those related with pregnancy state :
This group relates to abortion (95%), ectopic pregnancy ,implantation
bleeding.
* Those associated with pregnancy state:
The lesion are unrelated to pregnancy either
pre-existing or aggravated during pregnancy
.Cervical lesion such as vesicular erosion polyp.
ruptured varicose veins and malignancy are important
causes.
2.
Spontaneous Abortion:-
Abortion is the termination of pregnancy before the
period of viability which is considered to occur at
28th week. The term "miscarriage" which is mostly
used is synonymous with abortion. The main reason of
abortion is often complex and obscure.
The cause of
abortion are usually divided into
i) Ovular factor ii) Maternal environment iii) Paternal factor
iv) Unknowni) Ovular Factor :- The ovo-fetal
factor usually operator in early wastage. The defect
include chromosomal abnormality, malformation,
blighted ovum (i.e ovum without embryo) and hydropic
degeneration of villi. In early weeks death or
disease of the fetus often precedes the expulsive
action of uterus. Interference with the circulation
in the umbilical cord by knots twist or enlargements
may cause death of fetus and its expulsion. Twins or
hydramnios (acute) by rapidly stretching the
myometrium may cause abortion.
ii) Maternal Factor :- Maternal factor usually
operate in late abortion leading some times to
expulsion of living fetus which of course ,is too
small to survive.
a)
Maternal illness or Maternal Infection:- Viral
infection specially of rubella and cytomegali
inclusion disease produces congenital malformation &
abortion if contracted in early weeks of pregnancy.
The viruses of hepatitis ,influenza have got lethal
action on the fetus causing its death and expulsion.
Parasite (malaria) and protozoal infection may
produce abortion if contracted in early pregnancy.
"Spirochetes" hardly produce abortion before
20th week because of effective thickness of the
placental barrier.
b) Maternal hypoxia & shock :- Acute or chronic
respiratory disease, heart failure, severe anemia or
anaesthetic complications may produce anoxic state
which may precipitate abortion .Cholera which is
prevalent in the tropics is often as important
cause.
c) Chronic illness :- Hypertension, chronic
nephritis and chronic wasting disease are
responsible for late abortion by producing placental
infection resulting in fetal anoxia.
d) Endocrine factor:- An increased association of
abortion is found in condition of hypothyroidism,
hyperthyroidism and diabetes mellitus. Inadequate,
unsatisfactory ovular growth & development .
3. Trauma:-
1) Direct trauma on the abd. wall by blow or fall
may be related to abortion .But fortunately expect
abortion in prone women, pregnancy remain
undisturbed.
2) Psychic : Emotional upset or change in
environmental may lead to abortion by affecting the
uterine cavity.
3) In susceptible individual, even a minor trauma in
the form of a journey along rough road
,internal examination in early month or eliciting
hegar's sign or sexual intercourse in early month is
enough to excite abortion.
4)Aminocentesis, chorion villus , sampling ,in early
month cause abortion.
Toxic agents: Environment toxins like lead,
arsenic, anaesthetic gases, tobacco, caffeine,
alcohol, radiation in excess amount increase the
risk of abortion. Drugs used for eplliepsy or ant
malaria preparation are not so much harmful when
used in therapeutic doses so as to cause abortion.
Uterine factor:
These are related mostly to the second tri-mester
abortion .
1) Crvical incompetence ,either congenital or
acquired is one of the commenest cause of mid
trimester and recurrent abortion.
2) Congential malformation of the uterus in the
form of the uterus in the form of bicornuate or
septate uterus may be responsible for mid trimester
or recurrent abortion .
3)Utrine tumor (fibroid) specially of the
submucous variety might be responsible not only for
infertility but also for abortion due to distortion
of the uterine cavity and increased uterine
irritability.
4)Retroverted uterus is not responsible for abortion
but its association might be due to its failure to
rectify between 12-24 weeks due to adhesion or due
to trauma during sexual intercourse or it could be
due to disturbance in uterine vascularity..
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